Juveniles and the Death Penalty essays

Juveniles and the Death Penalty essays Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibilty of release shall be imposed for offenses committed by persons below eighteen years of age.... Convention on Rights of a Child (Article 37a) The actual execution of juvenile offenders sentenced to death began in 1642 by Thomas Graunger, in the Plymouth colony of Massachusetts. In over three and one-half centuries since that time, at least 362 juvenile offender executions have been imposed by 38 states and the federal government, and they constitute 1.8% of the total of about 20,000 confirmed American executions since 1608. Eighteen of these 362 executions for juvenile crimes have been carried out during the current era (1973-2001). They constitute only 2.4% of the total of 749 executions during this period (as of 12-31-2001), an execution rate somewhat higher than had been experienced prior to 1973. All but one of these executed juvenile offenders were age 17 at the time of their crimes, with only Sean Sellers (Oklahoma) being age 16. Currently, 38 states and the federal government (both civilian and military) have statutes authorizing the death penalty for capital crimes, almost all of which are forms of murder. Of those 40 death penalty jurisdictions, 17 jurisdictions (42%) have expressly chosen age 18 at the time of the crime as the minimum age for eligibility for that ultimate punishment. Another 5 jurisdictions (13%) have chosen age 17 as the minimum. The other 18 death penalty jurisdictions (45%) use age 16 as the minimum age, either through an express age in the statute (6 states) or by court ruling (12 states). The use of the death penalty for crimes committed under the age of 18 is banned under international human rights standards, yet some countries still permit or practice the execution of juvenile offenders. Such executions are few compared to the worldwide total number of executions. However, the fact still remains that ne ...

Detailed Instructions on How to Write a Term Paper and Get Good Grades

Detailed Instructions on How to Write a Term Paper and Get Good Grades Before delving into how to write a term paper, you should define the key objectives and meaning of this academic assignment. What is a term paper? All students need to submit it at the end of their course or semester to let teachers evaluate their knowledge. It’s a discussion of a specific topic or a scientific report that requires a lot of technical writing expertise and research. How to earn good grades? Ensure that this written assignment is analytical, correct, clear, interesting while reflecting your knowledge of a specific course. It also needs to follow your assigned formatting style. What is a term paper? This common assignment is an analytical and critical report on the subject covered within your specific course of studies. What is a term paper? It should include your own ideas about a given topic and demonstrate your understanding of relevant literature if you want to impress each reader. What is the main goal of writing a term paper? It summarizes the material you know while showcasing your understanding of a particular issue, and this is what makes it an effective tool for assessing proficiency. GET PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE NOW! How to make an outline? To understand how to write an outline for a term paper, keep in mind that it serves as a roadmap or basis for your work. There are different templates to choose from, but most instructors require students to follow a specific format for this academic assignment. A general outline contains body, concluding, introductory paragraphs. How to choose good topics? Some teachers provide relevant topics, while others give you freedom to make this choice, and you should look for a brilliant idea. Write down all the thoughts that come into your mind in your own words to brainstorm interesting original topics. Read articles, magazines, and other sources to get great suggestions. It will take time to search for available ideas online. The chosen topic should meet the objectives of your course and be interesting to you to make the entire process easier more fun. Things to consider when choosing a topic Consider the length of your essay (whether it should be 3 or 5-pages long) to decide how broad your subject should be); Ensure that you can explain it, no matter its complexity; Check your local library for useful resources to gather enough information on the chosen topic. How to start? If you don’t know how to write a history term paper, follow given instructions ask teachers for any clarifications before you start your research. Waiting until the last minute is a bad idea. If you’re eager to receive high grades for your written work, plan everything ahead and set a realistic schedule. Creating a creative compelling title is a good way to start. It’s the first impression that your essay will make on targeted readers, and you should ensure that it can capture their attention. ORDER TERM PAPER Structure all paragraphs correctly Stick to a correct structure when organizing all ideas and follow this layout: Cover page with your course number, name, teacher’s data, and deadline date; Abstract to describe the main purpose of your paper and inform readers why its subject is important and interesting; Introduction that starts with a thesis statement highlights the significance of your issue; Body with a synthesis of your research information that lets readers further understand you’re your discussion; Results to explain the outcomes of your research; Discussion with a summary of your subject in question; Conclusion to wrap up your paper by prompting readers to continue their research or stating an open question; A list of your used sources. Why edit and proofread a final draft? Read a rough draft to analyze if it really captures the essence of your idea contains no grammar, punctuation, or other mistakes. Ask others to help you ensure that your final draft is unique meets the necessary requirements of teachers. What if you need professional assistance? If after reading all the above-mentioned guidelines, you still don’t understand how to write a term paper, turn to our qualified and skillful experts. Order our custom writing services online and you’ll get a high quality other benefits that we guarantee to all customers at affordable rates. Your helping hand is only a few clicks away.

Finance For Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance For Management - Essay Example 383) This part of the paper seeks to analyse the Jensen argument in 1978, quoted by Pike& Neale that the efficient market hypothesis is the "best established fact in all of social science". Whilst Neale & McElroy (2004) were less categorical "sometimes stock market valuations may look irrational. But in the longer term the markets are efficient processors of information and get valuation about right" Numerous papers have demonstrated that early identification of new information can provide substantial profits. Insiders who trade on the basis of privileged information can therefore make excess returns, violating the strong form of the efficient market hypothesis. Even the earliest studies by Cowles (1933,1944), however, make it clear that investment professionals do not beat the market. It has already been stated that an efficient market is one where the prices of securities fully reflect all available information, but then what are the sufficient conditions for capital market efficiency In an idealized world, such conditions would be the debate about market efficiency has resulted in thousands of empirical studies and literature attempting to determine whether particular markets are in fact 'efficient', and if so to what degree. In fact, the majority of studies and researches of technical theories have gone to the result that it is difficult to predict prices. No wonder, Neale & McElroy (2004) were less categorical, and stated that "sometimes stock market valuations may look irrational. But in the longer term the markets are efficient processors of information and get valuation about right" In addition, the random walk theory indicates that price movements will not follow any trends and so by knowing the past price movements it's not possible to predict the future price movements. All these state that markets are in fact efficient. However, researchers have also exposed many stock market anomalies that seem to be inconsistent with the efficient market hypothesis. Conclusion This section attempts an analysis of Michael Jensen 1978 arguments on the efficient market hypothesis. An attempt was also made to reconcile this statement with Neale & McElroy 2004 statement. From the above analysis, one can gently conclude that trading strategies seem to be widespread among fund managers and there is little evidence that they would generate excess returns in practice (Malkiel, 2003). Researchers have also exposed many stock market anomalies that seem to be inconsistent with the efficient market hypothesis. The end of the year effect, small firm effect is all good examples to this effect. The efficient market hypothesis has been challenged by numerous studies on the grounds that there are often underrreactions or overreaction of stock markets to information. (Baberies et al, 1998; Daniel et al, 1998; Hong and Stein, 1999). Accordingly, in a variety of markets, sophisticated investors can earn

Aesthetics in Early Childhood Education Research Paper

Aesthetics in Early Childhood Education - Research Paper Example Undeniably, technology instruments have been located in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play and their contributions to learning experiences in early childhood education environments accordingly. In that case, children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play are the three most important pre-school activities because they influence instructional outcomes in early childhood education directly. Proof of the combination of technology instruments in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play in the Early Childhood education contexts exists. A rigorous literature review of a substantial amount of varying sources explores the argument that technology instruments play a crucial role in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play. After carefully elaborating the relevant literature and argument, three major proposals emerge; the first one suggests that technology instruments in music teaching facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of early childhood education children. ... ve and interesting visual aids that apply technological instruments are large motivation boosters to the early childhood education learning experiences. The third and final proposal is that technology instruments facilitate the levels of performance of children (this entails several aspects namely emotional expression, emotional regulation, emotional utilization, and interpersonal relationship) in Children’s role-play in the kindergartens. In this respect, the early childhood education children are highly involved in role-plays that apply technology instruments because they are able not only to express their emotions, but also to utilize these emotions and subsequent interpersonal relationships in learning. Overall, this paper arrives at three major conclusions in relation to the three proposals mentioned before; firstly, indeed technology instruments in music teaching facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of early childhood education children. Secon dly, technology instruments in visual aids facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of children, and finally, technology instruments facilitate Children's performance in children’s role-play, especially in terms of emotional expression, emotional regulation, emotional utilization, and interpersonal relationships. B. Introduction Normally, early childhood educators are constantly searching for the most effective learning experiences that can help to enhance the quality of education for young children (Lim, 2005), and aesthetic experiences in particular have proven quite successful especially in the teaching of arts and even across disciplines (Whitehead, 2004). Expert analyses have established that aesthetic experiences have the effect of expanding the learning

Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework Analysis Assignment

Zachman Enterprise Architecture Framework Analysis - Assignment Example It should be noted that the framework is not an ordinary model but more of a conceptual model, a composition of concepts, in that it exists in its applicability, mental synchronization and or personal/mind interpretations so as to guide the user to know, understand and where possible simulate the ideas in a practical situation (Raynard, 2000). Enterprise framework differs with structural/building framework in that as the building framework seeks to apply the laid out methodology, that is, to collect, manage and use information to achieve a prescribed/ designed model(s) to a tangible object, enterprise framework seeks to transform the abstract ideas, that is, intentions and semantics through designing documents, specifications, considerations of available models; without implying any specific and /or defined process. Therefore it can be viewed as a process to think, apply, re-apply, evaluate and solve problems through formalization and effective communication (Zachman & Geiger, 1997). With this in mind, we shall look at how Zachman’s enterprise architectural framework applies in reality by first understanding the types and scope of its architectural design. Types and Scope For conceptual enterprise architecture to be effective, there should explicitly define techniques to help individuals understand the represented system, it should convey the system details to the stakeholders, should provide a point of reference so as to simplify extractions of system specifications by designers and it should automatically and/or in a simplified manner, document the system for future reference and provide room for collaborations and implementation (Fishman & Selkow, 2003). For instance, it should first analyse the need for transformation within a given organizational process/intention or a phenomenon cross examine the available concepts to come up with a conceptual model and ideas to achieve the transformation. It should analyse the validation of the process, clearly sh ow its specifications analysis and the simulation process. It should reflect accreditation, verifications of the perceived implementation and execution and finally outline the expected results and the impact (Uckelmann, 2012). The Zachman’s enterprise architecture is based on six core questions; what, how, where, who, when and why, which form basis of applications in the modern organization. To come up with stronger arguments and justifications to support the model, these questions are further analysed in different business perspectives such as the scope: which seeks to explain the contextual business activities, the business model: which is the evaluation of the conceptual nature of the organization and its stakeholders, the system model: which is the logical approach of the required transformation in line with the business needs, technology model: it represents the physical and the intended aspects by the transformers of the new phenomenon, detailed representations by other members of the transformation and finally the analysis of the functioning enterprise. The Scope/ Contextual Approach The planner tries to figure out: what content will the framework contain and/or the overall model represent? This call to ascertain and prioritize on all important business processes and what transformations can bring an impact. This may take course through the analysis of available data and the projected/intended goal. The planner then needs to ask how the conceptual model will be presented. This seeks to explain the functioning of the perceived model which can be achieved through intensive analysis of the core

The Hazards of taking childeren out to eat Essay

The Hazards of taking childeren out to eat - Essay Example McDonalds, for example, has a clown as its mascot, Ronald McDonald. It has playgrounds for children and special toys that come with its food. Given a choice, children will clamour to go to these special places. The food they will eat there, unfortunately, will not be good for them. These restaurants know that if they can lure children into their restaurants they will get money from the parents. Pandering to children is a good business model for many restaurants. Additionally, it is important to note that children like sugar and junk food. These restaurants ensure that they have these things on their menus. This food is not good for children. Parents who do not take their children out to eat have much more control over their childrens diets. They can cook with fresh food and will know exactly what is in each meal. They can avoid sugary and fat foods and make sure that their children are eating properly. Food packed with vitamins and nutrients notably helped boost mental performance as youngsters got older, the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health reports. Researchers said toddlers diets could change IQ levels later in childhood, even if eating habits improve with age. "This suggests that any cognitive/behavioural effects relating to eating habits in early childhood may well persist into later childhood, despite any subsequent changes to dietary intake," the authors wrote (Guardian). The fix is in. Many fast food restaurants have very low standards when it comes to food, and yet their food is incredibly attractive to children. We have to remember just how hazardous this kind of food is to childrens health. As one report recently put it: â€Å"One out of three children will come down with diabetes. One out of five children now has hypertension. Doctors are seeing children as young as 2 and 3 years old with the beginnings of heart disease† (Ringle). Nothing is more

Truth and Senses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Truth and Senses - Essay Example When we attempt to find out the possibility of understanding the truth through our sensory organs, there are two stumbling blocks we should be aware of. First, can we be absolutely certain that our sense organs will always provide us with objective and reliable information Second, can we be absolutely certain that all information; the entire truth so to say, can be grasped by our sensory organs It is obvious that sensations can be inconsistent and contradictory and are as likely to lead one astray as they are to lead one towards the objective truth. Bertrand Russell provides a fine example of this in "The problems of philosophy", when referring to a table he says, Although I believe that the table is 'really' of the same color all over, the parts that reflect light look much brighter than the other parts, and some parts look white because of reflected light it follows that if several people are looking at the table at the same moment, no two of them will see exactly the same distribution of colors. (Russell, Bertrand 4) It would be pertinent to observe here that, had our senses given us the objective truth, then the sensation of color would have been identical for everyone. To further illustrate this point, take the example of sound. Our ears perceive certain wavelengths, which are interpreted by our brains as sound. There are supersonic and subsonic wavelengths that our ears cannot perceive. At the same time there exist creatures like bats which can easily perceive such wavelengths. Again, earthworms have no auditory perception at all. They pick up vibrations from their surroundings through their sensitive skin, and these vibrations help them navigate and find food. If we were earthworms we would argue that there is no such thing as sound! A simple experiment can easily be arranged here to judge the correctness of senses. We can take two buckets full of water, one ice cold and the other hot and dip one hand in each of these. After a while, take a bucket full of lukewarm water, and dip both hands in it. The hand which was earlier placed in the hot water bucket will feel cold and the other will feel warm. It is apparent from this small experiment that even in a limited way, our sensory organs don't provide reliable data. There are other, more insidious ways of tricking the senses, drugs being one. Senses can also lead us astray under conditions of extreme emotional duress. Keeping the above in mind, we can conclude that we can't always bank on our senses to provide us with correct and reliable information. Similarly there is reason to believe that our senses are often unable of providing us with complete information - so to say "the whole truth". In recent years, scientists have discovered that 95% of the contents of the universe are invisible to our current methods of direct detection. Observable universe, which can be perceived by the senses comprises of 5% of the mass of the actual universe. The rest is dark matter and dark energy. There exist realities that our senses can't perceive! There is a hilarious, but thought provoking episode in the third book of Douglas Adams' Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. During a trial, one of the witnesses, "a strange and difficult man" called Prak is administered a drug to force him to tell the truth. Inadvertently or deliberately, the amount administered to him is excessive. The journalist